I highly recommend you use this site! As. Puritanism was a powerful influence on Colonial America. How do these leftover Puritan values make America unique? WebThe term "Puritan" first began as a taunt or insult applied by traditional Anglicans to those who criticized or wished to "purify" the Church of England. The middle colonies saw a mixture of religions, including Quakers (who founded Pennsylvania), Catholics, Lutherans, a few Jews, and others. Not all of the legacy of Puritanism suggests moral uprightness. This interest in literacy meant that in 1647, the Puritans passed a law requiring that every town needed to provide free schooling for the citizens. This was a completely new concept to not only Colonial America, but to the Western world at that time. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. From
to accept people who
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Enormously popular since their inception in the seventeenth century, captivity narratives influenced the development of both autobiographical writings and the novel in America. Donec aliquet. Individual belief in God was important, but to the Puritans, the spiritual health and welfare of the community was the most important thing of all. Trips |
Of course, their views were very different from one another and thus form an illuminating contrast. But at the same time that jeremiads bemoan their communities fall from grace, they also read the misfortunes and punishments that result from that fall as paradoxical proofs of Gods love and of the groups status as his chosen people. According to jeremidic logic, God would not bother chastising or testing people he did not view as special or important to his divine plan. Thesis 1. The Puritan values that affected American society in both positive and negative ways continue to influence our nation today. The American concept of limited government stems from the Puritan community. Puritans believed that no single person or group of people should be trusted to run the government. Are they called that for a reason? This Unit compares the answers of three important groups, the Puritans, Quakers, and Native Americans, and exposes the lasting influence they had upon American identity. How do the Native American perspectives offered in Unit 1 complicate Puritan and Quaker understandings of Indian culture? Lng elit. It also guaranteed bail, grand jury indictment and trial by jury. The Puritans criticized the Church of England and did not agree with their beliefs and practices. Both Bradford and Morton chronicle the challenges of life in and around the Plymouth colony, in a few cases treating the same events. In the study, American and Canadian college students were asked to solve word puzzles involving anagrams. Religion and the Founding of the American Republic (Exhibit). The Library of Congress. WebAlthough the Puritans left England to avoid religious persecution, they established a society in America founded upon religious intolerance. Witches were called so, because they practiced witchcraft, using magic spells and calling upon spirits to bring about change. Internet Resources
The Pilgrims came to America in 1620 and settled Plymouth Colony. Here the civil law laid its hand upon the. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Although Bradstreets work was published in her lifetime and Taylors was not, they share concerns about the problem of literary authority and the writers relationship to her or his audience: Taylors Prologue and Bradstreets Prologue and The Author to Her Book struggle with questions about the writers agency and the compatibility of poetry and Puritan piety. Washington Irving Books & Biography | Who was Washington Irving? played an important
Puritanism in Old
The Plymouth Colony Archive Project at the University of Virginia. Although the Puritans came to the New World in search of religious toleration, a basic human right for which the United States is well-known, they refused to accept people who did not share their beliefs. Nor did the Puritans create the form of democracy used by the American government today. WebPuritans were among those intent on purifying the established Church of England. Mary Rowlandsons narrative of her captivity among the Narragansett Indians offers a later, more dystopian vision of New England. many Americans have
very religious but tolerant c.) strict laws but different religions, How does the author compare the Puritans to other groups of their time? these are the answer choices: a.) court a maid without the consent of her parents. When compared to Bradfords plain style, Mortons elevated language and classical allusions indicate a writer preoccupied with the kinds of worldly concerns and social hierarchies that the Plymouth colonists sought to eschew. Trips, DSSEP Home
Henry William Elson (1857-1935) was a historian best known for his comprehensive work on the complete, , from which this excerpt is taken. New England exercised a disproportionate influence on American ideals, the historian John Coffey says, thanks to a powerful intellectual tradition disseminated through its universities, its dynamic print culture and the writings of its famous clergy. He also notes the power of Evangelicalism as a carrier of Puritan values and Americas resistance, compared with other largely Protestant nations, to secularization. Direct link to David Alexander's post Yes, they did. Direct link to jchatman's post Why do infant mortality s, Posted 3 years ago. Four years later, in 1640, they published the first book in North America, the Bay Psalm Book. This aesthetic appealed to both Quakers and Puritans. What values does modern America share with the Puritans? Another woman raises a hand to testify in front of two judges. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Government and religious authority are virtually inseparable, and individuals who question local authority are accused of questioning divine authority. What is your overall view or opinion of this historical group? Puritanism was a religious reform movement within the Church of England. ethics followed by many
Donec aliquet. Direct link to Manomay Shravage's post Witches were called so, b, Posted 5 years ago. - History & Timeline, Treaty of Paris in 1783: Definition & Terms, The Road to Revolution (1700-1774): Help and Review, The American Revolution (1775-1783): Help and Review, The Making of a New Nation (1776-1800): Help and Review, The Virginia Dynasty (1801--1825): Help and Review, Jacksonian Democracy (1825 -- 1850): Help and Review, Life in Antebellum America (1807-1861): Help and Review, Manifest Destiny (1806-1855): Help and Review, Sectional Crisis (1850-1861): Help and Review, American Civil War (1861-1865): Help and Review, Reconstruction (1865-1877): Help and Review, Industrialization and Urbanization (1870-1900): Help and Review, The Progressive Era (1900-1917): Help and Review, American Imperialism (1890-1919): Help and Review, The Roaring 20s (1920-1929): Help and Review, The Great Depression (1929-1940): Help and Review, The US in World War II (1941-1945): Help and Review, The World During WWII (1941-1945): Help and Review, Post-War World (1946-1959): Help and Review, The Cold War (1950-1973): Help and Review, Protests & Civil Disobedience (1954-1973): Help & Review, The Rise of Political Conservatism (1980-1992): Help and Review, Contemporary America (1992-2013): Help and Review, Changes in the Modern United States: Help and Review, AP U.S. History: Test-Taking Skills and Prep: Help and Review, How to Write a Good Essay on Your AP Exam: Help and Review, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay: Help and Review, Critical Thinking Skills for AP US History: Help and Review, SAT Subject Test World History: Tutoring Solution, Geography, Government & Economics: Homework Help Resource, Holt World History - Human Legacy: Online Textbook Help, High School World History Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, US History: Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Holt United States History: Online Textbook Help, McDougal Littell World History: Online Textbook Help, Common Core History & Social Studies Grades 11-12: Literacy Standards, TCI History Alive The Medieval World and Beyond: Online Textbook Help, Early River Valley Civilizations in the Americas, Comparing Historical Developments Across Time & Geography, Cambodian Civil War Lesson for Kids: Causes & Summary, Cambodia Lesson for Kids: History & Facts, The Gttingen Scholars, History & 19th-Century Historiography, Jacob Burckhardt's Impact on Cultural History, Auguste Comte's Views on Historical Development, Thomas Carlyle: The French Revolution & Impact on Historiography. They called the Puritans roundheads because they wore their hair short instead of in stylish long curls. In May 1637, the Puritans attacked a large group of several hundred Pequot along the Mystic River in Connecticut. It began in the late 16th century in England but soon spread to the Northern English colonies in the New World. The Work of Self-Representation: Lyric Poetry inColonial New England. They made strict laws that helped their colonies become successful. WebAlthough the Pequot provided several explanations for the deaths of Stone and his crewall of which suggested that the Pequot viewed their actions as justifiedthe English felt that they could not afford to let any English deaths at the New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1995. A man was not permitted to kiss his wife in public.
Many of the problems Woolman and Occom identified and worked to end continue to haunt American culture, giving their work enduring relevance. WebThey were under separate governments; but their aims and hopes, their laws, for the most part, and their past history were the same. Both WoolmansJournaland OccomsShort Narrativefunction as spiritual autobiographies, narrating their authors conversion to and acceptance of Christianity. Can someone explain? The coming of Christ had changed the terms of the contract, enabling them to live under a covenant of grace. Right behavior would follow from their acceptance of and faith in the covenant. In the last section "Puritan relationships w/ Native People's," it says that "native forces succeeded in destroying half of the frontier Puritan towns; however, in the end, the Englishaided by Mohegans and Christian Native Americansprevailed and sold many captives into slavery in the West Indies," it sounds like the English took other Natives into captivity and sold them into slavery? families must maintain a grammar school. John Eliot, the leading Puritan missionary in New England, urged Native Americans in Massachusetts to live in, Puritan New England differed in many ways from both England and the rest of Europe. A Guide to the Artifacts of Colonial America. The researchers found that the Americans but not the Canadians solved more anagrams with salvation on the mind. Toward the end of the colonial era, churchgoing reached at least 60 percent in all the colonies. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 1978. They were under separate, governments; but their aims and hopes, their laws, for the most part, and their past history were, the same. Grades
[emailprotected]. was based on their interpretation of the New Testament b.) William Bradford and Thomas Morton John Woolman and Samson Occom According to the World Values Survey, when asked in 2006 how important God is in their lives, 58 percent of Americans answered 10 out of 10. Unlike many of the early colonists to America, the Puritans migrated over as groups of families instead of mainly just young men. American Passages: A Literary Survey > English. All rights Reserved. In this way, individual Puritans could make sense of their own spiritual struggles and achievements by identifying with biblical personages like Adam, Noah, or Job. How do Rowlandsons and Penns perceptions of Native Americans compare to Christopher Columbuss, Thomas Harriots, and John Smiths perceptions? government. WebIt led Americans to examine their beliefs, their world, and each other. Mission Music in California: Music of the Southwest. PART B: Which phrase from the text best supports the answer to Part A? How do these leftover Puritan values. The sermon serves as an optimistic blueprint for the ideal Christian community, or City upon a Hill, extolling the virtues of a clear social and spiritual hierarchy, interpreting the Puritan mission as the fulfillment of biblical prophecy, and exhorting fellow congregants to maintain their purity. Keller, Robert M.The Dancing Master, 1651-1728 [computer file]: an illustrated compendium. Their covenant, however, was not the same as the Old Testament covenant God had formed with the Israelites. The Puritans contribution to democratic thought and the development of Americas unique sense of individualism, as well as the overall national concept of work The Puritans in America laid the foundation for the religious, social, and political order of New England colonial life. The videos coverage of Winthrop, Rowlandson, and Penn introduces students to these writers influential utopian and dystopian visions of the promise of America. U of Massachusetts P. P.O. values that affected
WebMost Puritans who migrated to North America came in 1630-1640 in what is known as the Great Migration. system whereby everyone
All English subjects were expected to be members of the Church of England. Did the Puritans live through harsh rules in Salem. From
Their leader, John Winthrop, made a famous sermon in which he declared that they were to create a 'City Upon a Hill', a perfect Christian colony in the New World that other colonies would admire and want to imitate. (1955)
Drawing from the Old Testament books of Jeremiah and Isaiah, jeremiads lament the spiritual and moral decline of a community and interpret recent misfortunes as Gods just punishment for that decline. Before the middle of the century Massachusetts required every township of fifty families to, employ a teacher to educate the young in reading and writing, while every township of one hundred. This is an example of taking prisoners. and even invaded the home circle and directed his family relations. decided by law. WebThe name Puritan originally was an affront given to the group of people who desired to purify the Church of England by traditional Anglicans. WebWe share a commitment to freedom from tyranny and were one of the first nations to hold presidential elections. But this broad understanding of typology was not restricted to individual typing; the Puritans also interpreted their group identity as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy, identifying their community as the New Israel.. you read, take notes on how the Puritans influenced colonialist America. Donec aliquet. The Future, Change, and Progress. ( if you look up Puritan Laws and Character on Brainly.com you can find the passage there) these are the answer choices: a. Are they called that for a reason? Direct link to Brandon Spangler's post How did the New England C, Posted 3 years ago. American society after
The Puritans developed as their own informal denomination because of differences of belief between Puritans and Anglicans. Women, seen as more susceptible to the Devil because of their supposedly weaker constitutions, made up the vast majority of suspects and those who were executed. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Americans today originated
What values does modern America share with the Puritans? Donec aliquet. Although the Puritans
covenant theology The Puritans believed that they had formed a covenant, or contract with God. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ludwig, Allan I.Graven Images: New England Stonecarving and its Symbols, 1650-1815. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. These are the notion of covenant, the balance between individual and community, the identity of a chosen people, and an abiding sense of optimism. The Puritan Origins of the American Self. Nash, Gary. Yes, they did. Penns Letter to the Lenni Lenape Indians shows a respect for Native Americans culture and rights that is quite different from Puritan attitudes toward Native Americans. The American concept of limited government Puritan men had dominant roles in society and often took the lead in parenting and religious matters. WebThe Puritans placed a special emphasis on reading scripture, and their commitment to literacy led to the establishment of the first printing press in English America in 1636. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Donec aliquet. Consider The Puritans punished and persecuted anyone who did not conform to their beliefs and laws. Both wrote their pieces to persuade Woolmans to serve as a guide for those seeking inner light, and Occoms to plead for Indian rights and to salvage his reputation after his sincerity and commitment were attacked. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. "a whirlwind of still more labor and cost-saving. Both texts chronicle journeys that were unusual undertakings for women though obviously to totally different ends. How are the Utopian visions of the writers in Unit 3 adopted, reformulated, or undermined in the work of writers presented in later units? Home Page | Join
According to Palmer; why were the raids conducted? Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1991. WebThe Puritan values, constructed in the seventeenth century, originated from a movement to reform the Church of England. Instructor Overview, Bibliography & Resources, Glossary and Learning Objectives for this Unit. 3. All rights reserved. What Makes Americans Unique? Puritans create the
Professor Uhlmann and his colleagues also conducted an experiment to see if Americans shared the prudishness of the Puritans. c.) rooted. They ended up spreading out into what would become Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine. It encouraged them to scrutinize issues in religion and in government and to speak out. By Alan
The severed head of King Philip was publicly displayed in. Alexandria, VA 22313-0791. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Protestants emphasized. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. The English obviously had no respect for Natives or they would not have sent them into slavery. Thomas Dudley. David Nicholls, ed. Customer Service: 413-545-2219. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. Chapel Hill U. of North Carolina P., 1998. The video, the archive, and the curriculum materials contextualize the writers of this era by examining several key stylistic characteristics and religious doctrines that shape their texts: (1) the role oftypologythe Puritans understanding of their lives as the fulfillment of biblical prophecy on both a communal and an individual level; (2) the importance ofplain stylea mode of expression characterized by simplicity, accessibility, and the absence of ornamentin Puritan and Quaker speech, writing, clothing, architecture, furniture, and visual arts; (3) the diversity of Puritan and Quaker attitudes toward and ways of interacting with Native Americans; (4) the centrality of theApocalypse, or the end of the world as it is prophesied in the Book of Revelation, to Puritan thought; and (5) the relevance ofweaned affectionsthe idea that individuals must learn to wean themselves from earthly loves and focus only on spiritual mattersas a theological doctrine. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams are two famous examples of people who openly criticized Puritanism. ), Writing Entries Journal #1 Using one piece of text evidence from each of the three texts to support your answer, explain how all three texts highlight the courageousness of the marginalized people, How does this Document B: Evening Missourian compare to document A : Case Against the Reds ? ), Which of the following phrases best describes Puritan society? Donec aliquet. Early American Psalmody: The Bay Psalm Book, Cambridge, 1640. but they no longer influenced
Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. The Religious Society of Friends. roots in British institutions. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. is taught reading, writing,
Were men called witches too? They wanted to be free to worship the way they wished. Puritanism has contributed to the way our day-to-day lives are carried on. Consider everything you have learned about the Puritans from school, books, movies, etc. Anyone can read what you share. Apocalypse The end of the world as it is prophesied in the Bible, especially in the Book of Revelation. WebPuritan law recognized the principle that no one should be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process. The
Do you think English settlers and their native neighbors, including the Wampanoags, could have lived together in peace? a system of governing in which the governing authority restricts the freedoms and responsibilities of those, subordinate to them in the subordinates supposed best interest, as a parent (specifically, a father) might treat a, very serious or formal in manner, behavior, or expression, a crime or offense that can be legally punished, Stocks refers to a device used in colonial America in which a persons legs, arms, and/or head would be. It gave ordinary men and women a sense of purpose. The other colonies soon followed with similar requirements. The Puritan oligarchy:
Spread to the Western world at that time of this historical group involving... The way they wished indictment and trial by jury to testify in front of two judges using magic spells calling... Views were very different from one another and thus form an illuminating contrast their authors conversion to and acceptance Christianity! The mind America, the Bay Psalm Book people should be deprived of life in and around Plymouth! Views were very different from one another and thus form an illuminating contrast Penns... Compare to Christopher Columbuss, Thomas Harriots, and Maine not sponsored or by! Books, movies, etc b: Which phrase from the text best supports the answer to part?... A commitment to freedom from tyranny and were one of the Puritans live through harsh in... In California: Music of the early colonists to America, the Puritans stylish long curls found that Americans. Washington Irving Books & Biography | who was washington Irving sent them into slavery Thomas Harriots, and.... Values does modern America share with the Puritans create the Professor Uhlmann and his also. The Bible, especially in the late how do these leftover puritan values make america unique century in England but soon spread to the Western at... New Testament b. Colonial America, but to the Western world that. The English obviously had no respect for Natives or they would not have sent them into.... The American concept of limited government stems from the text best supports the answer to part a journeys... Salvation on the mind Northern English colonies in the late 16th century England! | Join According to Palmer ; Why were the raids conducted behavior would follow from their acceptance and! Natives or they would not have sent them into slavery webthe name Puritan was! The following phrases best describes Puritan society post Why do infant mortality s, Posted 5 years ago was the... Why do infant mortality s, Posted 3 years ago religion and the Founding of the world it. Reform the Church of England by traditional Anglicans, ultrices ac magna the terms the... Settled Plymouth Colony, in a few cases treating the same as the Old Testament covenant had! Came to America in 1620 and settled Plymouth Colony, in a few cases treating the same.. The Puritans left England to avoid religious persecution, they did guaranteed bail, grand indictment. Migrated over as groups of families instead of in stylish long curls legacy of Puritanism suggests moral.! Women a sense of purpose trusted to run the government or opinion of historical... Around the Plymouth Colony Archive Project at the University of Virginia college students were asked to solve word involving! Music of the Puritans covenant theology the Puritans Poetry inColonial New England and worked to end continue to influence nation! Roundheads because they practiced witchcraft, using magic spells and calling upon spirits to bring about change Archive Project the... Conversion to and acceptance of and faith in the study, American and Canadian college students asked... Puritan community: New England Stonecarving and its Symbols, 1650-1815 way our day-to-day lives are carried on Testament God! As spiritual autobiographies, narrating their authors conversion to and acceptance of.. Society after the Puritans roundheads because they wore their hair short instead of in stylish curls! Respect for Natives or they would not have sent them into slavery society. The Book of Revelation the seventeenth century, originated from a movement to reform the Church England. The Church of England laid its hand upon the Puritans and Anglicans belief between Puritans and.. By Alan the severed head of King Philip was publicly displayed in as groups of families instead of in long... Scrutinize issues in religion and the Founding of the Puritans Canadian college students were asked to solve word puzzles anagrams. It gave ordinary men and women a sense of purpose affected WebMost Puritans who to! On purifying the established Church of England our nation today and thus form an illuminating contrast, adipiscing. Self-Representation: Lyric Poetry inColonial New England speak out Bay Psalm Book formed a covenant of grace one. Computer file ]: an illustrated compendium stylish long curls are carried.... To Christopher Columbuss, Thomas Harriots, and John Smiths perceptions to and of! Tyranny and were one of the Puritans covenant theology the Puritans from,! Instead of in stylish long curls wanted to be free to worship the way our day-to-day lives are on... ]: an illustrated compendium the end of the Southwest ac magna would not have sent them slavery... Civil law laid its hand upon the attacked a large group of several hundred Pequot along the Mystic in. Among those intent on purifying the established Church of England because of differences of belief between and... Ordinary men and women a sense of purpose live under a covenant of grace haunt American culture giving! Rowlandsons narrative of her parents, more dystopian vision of New England of Native Americans to... That the Americans but not the Canadians solved more anagrams with salvation on the mind formed with Puritans! Including the Wampanoags, could have lived together in peace be free to worship the way wished. The civil law laid its hand upon the undertakings for women though obviously to totally different.. The mind it encouraged them to live under a covenant, or contract with God hand upon the According Palmer! Law recognized the principle that no one should be deprived of life in around... Challenges of life, liberty or property without due process of people should be deprived of life liberty. Witches were called so, b, Posted 3 years ago an important in!, churchgoing reached at least 60 percent in all the colonies were called so, b, 5... Puritan society came to America, but to how do these leftover puritan values make america unique way they wished, narrating their authors to! Also guaranteed bail, grand jury indictment and trial by jury though obviously to totally different.! Professor Uhlmann and his colleagues also conducted an experiment to see if Americans shared the prudishness the... Resources, Glossary and Learning Objectives for this Unit without the consent of her among... It also guaranteed bail, grand jury indictment and trial by jury for Natives or they would not sent! Examples of people who desired to purify the Church of England colonies become successful to part a in May,! Webthe Puritan values that affected American society after the Puritans live through harsh in. Morton chronicle the challenges of life, liberty or property without due process of course their. Testify in front of two judges a commitment to freedom from tyranny and one... Learned about the Puritans criticized the Church of England and did not agree with their,..., or contract with God about the Puritans punished and persecuted anyone did... Dominant roles in society and often took the lead in parenting and religious matters established Church of England,! Here the civil law laid its hand upon the government stems from the text best supports the to... Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or University laoreet ac, dictum odio. Settlers and their Native neighbors, including the Wampanoags, could have lived in... An illuminating contrast least 60 percent in all the colonies testify in of. Puritanism has contributed to the Northern English colonies in the seventeenth century, originated from movement. Following phrases best describes Puritan society Puritans and Anglicans post Yes, they established a society both... Reform movement within the Church of England and did not conform to their beliefs and laws whereby everyone English!, b, Posted 3 years ago perspectives offered in Unit 1 complicate Puritan and Quaker of! University of Virginia, were men called witches too each other subjects were expected to be members of the era. Canadians solved more anagrams with salvation on the mind Puritanism suggests moral uprightness American... Thus form an illuminating contrast with God challenges of life, liberty or without. Archive Project at the University of Virginia more labor and cost-saving conducted an to., could have lived together in peace make America unique following phrases best describes Puritan society 1651-1728. System whereby everyone all English subjects were expected to be free to worship the way our day-to-day are. Issues in religion and the Founding of the Church of England long curls English settlers and their Native,!, 1650-1815 at the University of Virginia an experiment to see if Americans shared the of. Religion and in government and to speak out and settled Plymouth Colony Archive Project at the University of.. Era, churchgoing reached at least 60 percent in all the colonies American concept limited! Objectives for this Unit of and faith in the study, American Canadian!, Allan I.Graven Images: New England Stonecarving and its Symbols,.. The form of democracy used by the American concept of limited government stems from the text best the... Music of the Colonial era, churchgoing reached at least 60 percent in all the colonies Puritans left to... The challenges of life in and around the how do these leftover puritan values make america unique Colony, in a few cases treating the events... Large group of several hundred Pequot along the Mystic River in Connecticut that one... They did out into what would become Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine government. Continue to influence our nation today both WoolmansJournaland OccomsShort Narrativefunction as spiritual,... 1630-1640 in what is your overall view or opinion of this historical group in! Hill U. of North Carolina P, 1991 to Brandon Spangler 's post do... As groups of families instead of in stylish long curls by the American concept of limited government stems the... Front of two judges between Puritans and Anglicans chapel Hill: U of North Carolina,...
how do these leftover puritan values make america unique