The Federal Center also carries out mandatory pre-judicial conciliations at the federal level, with local conciliation centers carrying out the same function at the state level. If the relevant authority accepts a CNDH recommendation, the CNDH is required to follow up with the authority to verify that it is carrying out the recommendation. In July 2020 the CNB launched a public version of the National Registry of Disappeared and Missing Persons. The government did not effectively enforce the law. The Lpez Obrador government blames poor security on state authorities, and state authorities blame it on municipal ones. Organized criminal elements, including local and transnational gangs, and narcotics traffickers, were significant perpetrators of violent crimes and committed acts of homicide, torture, kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, bribery, intimidation, and other threats, resulting in high levels of violence and exploitation, particularly targeting vulnerable groups. The CNDH sends a request to the authority asking for evidence of its compliance and includes this follow-up information in its annual report. Disposition: Active Women and pregnant people face many barriers when trying to access abortion, even when it is legal. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. Mexico has relied heavily on the military to control drugs and fight organized crime, leading to widespread human rights violations. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the median salary for full-time female employees was 19 percent less than that of full-time male employees. Details of what bilateral cooperation will be preserved are supposed to emerge from the U.S.-Mexico working groups this month. The constitution prohibits discrimination based on ethnicity, and a federal law prohibits all forms of discrimination. Chiapas state Exercise Increased Caution. Violent crime and gang activity are common in parts of Morelos state. The Catholic Multimedia Center reported that criminal groups harassed priests and other religious leaders in some parts of the country and subjected them to extortion, death threats, and intimidation. A 2019 constitutional amendment grants the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security through 2024. Thus, they can act against crime and arrest people only when they see crime happeningin flagrancia. As a government official inTierra Calientetold me: Frankly, public security here, all life really, is totally managed by the narcos.. As of July 13, a total of 3,501 prisoners had contracted COVID-19 and 75,162 had received vaccines, according to the CNDH. The law provides for eight paid public holidays and one week of paid annual leave after completing one year of work. Review the. As of October the accused were in a military prison awaiting trial. On May 18, an exhibit in Mexico City on Israeli innovation was vandalized with anti-Semitic and anti-Israel messages. Be extra vigilant when visiting banks or ATMs. According to civil society, libel and defamation proceedings tripled from 11 cases in 2019 to 33 cases in 2020. In July a joint investigation by media outlets reported a leaked Pegasus list of more than 15,000 individuals as possible targets for surveillance in 2016 and 2017. NGOs alleged that provisions in laws threatened the privacy of internet users by forcing telecommunication companies to retain data for two years, providing real-time geolocation data to police, and allowing authorities to obtain metadata from private communications companies without a court order. Women and children were subjected to domestic servitude. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. Prosecutors and police rarely attempt to find the disappeared or identify those responsible. By law attorneys are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant. Authorities held some detainees under house arrest. Several indigenous communities denounced the governments plan to build the Mayan Train, an estimated $7.5 billion dual cargo-passenger railroad to cross the Yucatan Peninsula through indigenous lands. There were reports some government agents were complicit with international organized criminal gangs, and prosecution and conviction rates were low for these abuses. In March 2020 a federal judge issued an arrest warrant for Zeron on charges related to his conduct of the investigation, including torturing alleged perpetrators to force confessions, conducting forced disappearances, altering the crime scene, manipulating evidence, and failing to perform his duties. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. During the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous persons faced additional hardships in accessing educational services. Sonora is a key location used by the international drug trade and human trafficking networks. At the federal level, the Secretariat of Social Development, Prosecutor Generals Office, and National System for Integral Family Development share responsibility for inspections to enforce child labor laws and to intervene in cases in which employers violate such laws. But the federal government has dramatically cut budgets to both and thus gutted the already often-inadequate local capacities, even though its own 2019 security strategy centered on relying on municipal police for security. By law government health providers are obliged to offer sexual and reproductive emergency health services for survivors of sexual violence within 120 hours of the sexual assault. In August Yucatan passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage, increasing the number of states making it legal to 22 of the countrys 32 states. Politicians publicly discredited and criticized such journalists, however. Six journalists have been killed under the programs protection, four since President Lpez Obrador took office. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. Most of these complaints were against authorities in the Prosecutor Generals Office, National Guard, Interior Secretariat, and the armed forces. A report from the Black Alliance for Just Immigration found black migrants faced widespread racial discrimination from individuals and authorities, particularly in accessing employment and services. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Baja California Sur state, which includes tourist areas in:Cabo San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo,andLa Paz. The stories are sobering. The elections were generally free and fair. There were some complaints of illegal searches or illegal destruction of private property. Social programs to combat child labor did not address all sectors where child labor occurred. The Interior Secretariat registered 224 verbal and physical attacks against journalists in 2020 and a total of 1,052 between 2015 and 2020, 41 percent of which the secretariat attributed to public servants. International Child Abductions: The country is party to the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction. In 2020, journalists registered 692 threats, attacks, or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on record. The investigation continued as of August 30. The National Migration Institute, under the authority of the Interior Secretariat, is responsible for enforcing migration law. State governments reported investigating 12 suspected forced labor cases in 2020. The majority are between 15 and 30 years old, from lower income families, the CNB reports. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Campeche state. Organized criminal groups dominated migrant smuggling operations and often kidnapped, threatened, and extorted migrants to pay a fee for facilitating northbound travel. MEXICO CITY MEXICO CITY (AP) Mexico's president said Tuesday his country is more democratic than the United States . The National Guard and state and municipal police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining order. The Federal Center and the new federal labor courts are designed to handle all matters related to collective bargaining agreements, but until the Federal Center establishes its offices in all the states, labor disputes in states without a Federal Center presence are to be handled by the CABs. Violence and Harassment: Journalists were killed or subjected to physical and cyberattacks, harassment, and intimidation (especially by state agents and transnational criminal organizations) in response to their reporting. Officials expect to receive more than 100,000 applications in 2021. Although authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces, there were instances in which security force elements acted independently of civilian control. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. Civil society organizations alleged that workers were prohibited from leaving by threats of violence or by nonpayment of wages. In 2020 the STPS Federal Labor Inspectorate conducted almost 30,000 labor inspections nationwide but reported finding only one case of child labor. Women tended to earn substantially less than men did for the same work. Mexico is one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, on par with war zones like Syria and Afghanistan in number of journalists killed, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders. Several indigenous communities brought legal actions to oppose the construction, many of which were dismissed or denied. In April authorities arrested 30 members of the navy and charged them with forced disappearances in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, in 2018. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. InSight Crime's GameChangers 2022 looks back at the most consequential criminal stories across Latin America this year. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. The state commissions are funded by state legislatures and are semiautonomous. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. As of September 13, three municipal police officers from Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos, Jalisco, remained in pretrial detention for the killing of Giovanni Lopez. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. State commissions do not have uniform reporting requirements, making it difficult to compare state data and therefore compile nationwide statistics. Three days later, a trans woman was murdered in the same. There were no government restrictions on academic freedom or cultural events. The governments National Council of Norms and Labor Competencies certified law enforcement internal affairs investigators and created standard internal affairs training to promote transparency and accountability. Investigations continued into the 2014 disappearances of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College in Iguala, Guerrero. Reports indicated that women suffered disproportionately from pretrial detention. The law provides for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. Corruption and Lack of Transparency in Government, Section 5. Between January and August, the CNDH registered 26 complaints of torture and 123 for arbitrary detention. The CNB searches mass graves across the country. Mexico State (Estado de Mexico) Exercise Increased Caution. COMARs budget increased modestly in recent years but was not commensurate with the growth in refugee claims in the country. The constitution allows any person to arrest another if the crime is committed in his or her presence. Indigenous defendants who did not speak Spanish sometimes were unaware of the status of their cases and were convicted without fully understanding the documents they were instructed to sign. In August 2021, the government named a group of seven international forensic and legal experts to lead the Extraordinary Forensic Identification Mechanism, which will be tasked with identifying bodies recovered from mass graves. Impunity and extremely low rates of prosecution remained a problem for all crimes, including human rights abuses and corruption. (As of late 2022, tourists flying into Cancun are automatically given . U.S. government employees should avoid traveling alone, especially in remote areas. On February 6, the federal Law Against Digital Harassment took effect. INEGI found that 53 percent of women of reproductive age used modern contraception in 2018 (the most recent study). 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Mexico, An official website of the United States Government, https://www.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data/reported-cases, https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings/, https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods. If taking a taxi alone, take a photo of the taxi number and/or license plate and text it to a friend. Additionally, some indigenous students did not receive the breakfasts and lunches normally included in the full-time school meal program, according to a UNESCO study. In its data collection, the government often merged statistics on forcibly disappeared persons with missing persons not suspected of being victims of forced disappearance, making it difficult to compile accurate statistics on the extent of the problem. January. In July the CNB reported it had recovered more than 1,100 pounds of charred human remains from La Bartolina, Tamaulipas, a clandestine cremation site found in 2017. The Prosecutor Generals Office also obtained an arrest warrant against Lozoyas mother for money laundering, and in 2019 Interpol agents arrested her in Germany. The military can now legally detain civilians, take charge of crime scenes, and preserve evidence. Enforcement was inadequate in many small companies, in agriculture, and in construction, and nearly absent in the informal sector in which most child laborers worked. Cozumel is a very safe place to vacation in 2023, with a low historic crime rate, especially relative to other US and Mexican destinations. In 2022, 13 million U.S. tourists visited this country. At all levels, police reform has mostly stalled. Mexico is one of Latin America's most important security markets due to its size, leading industries, development, and total demand. Heavily armed members of criminal groups often patrol areas of the state and operate with impunity particularly along the border region from Reynosa to Nuevo Laredo. Mexicos law-enforcement forces still lack incapacitation and deterrence capacities. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) reported physical violence at the time of arrest, including electric shocks, choking, and smothering. The Mexican governments response remains deeply troubling mostly a hope the criminals will sort it out among themselves. Yesterday. The Mexican government announced that homicidesdeclined by 3.6% from the previous year to 33,308, just below the 33,739 in 2018 when Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador became president. In June another priest died in a cartel crossfire on the Durango-Zacatecas border. Recent Elections: International observers considered the midterm elections (legislative, gubernatorial, and local) to be generally free and fair, with only minor reports of irregularities. Observers from grassroots labor rights groups, international NGOs, and multinational apparel brands reported that employers in export-oriented supply chains increasingly used hiring methods that lessened job security. 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