History and Information about the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1827-1987 This list is for individuals interested in the history and modeling of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The Baltimore and Ohio Sites page has over 500 links! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [36] Furthermore, on January 31, 1862 Congress passed the Railways and Telegraph Act of January 31, 1862, creating the United States Military Railroad and allowing it to seize and operate any railroad or telegraph company's equipment, although Stanton and USMRR Superintendent Daniel McCallum would take a "team of rivals" approach to railroad management and allow civilian operations to continue. From 1828 to 1861, the B&O had expanded into thirteen states. but the B&O was initially capitalized in 1827 with a three million dollar issue of stock. (See Pope's Creek Subdivision.) Located among Baltimore City's historic southwest neighborhoods, at the original site of the historic Mt. The mile of track outside the museum is … Cameron instead warned Garrett that passage of any rebel troops over his line would be treason. The B&O also includes the Leiper Railroad, the first permanent horse-drawn railroad in the U.S. At the end of 1970, the B&O operated 5,552 miles of road and 10,449 miles of track, not including the Staten Island Rapid Transit (SIRT) or the Reading and its subsidiaries. [45] Rebuilding in the early 20th century and complete double tracking of the branch by 1928 increased capacity; the "branches" became the de facto mainline, though the Old Main Line was retained as a relief route. It had it's start in downtown Baltimore, and ran southwest to Ellicott Mills, now Ellicott City. [22][25][26] Garrett reported with evident relief the next day that aside from the cut telegraph line, which was quickly repaired, there had been no damage to any B&O track, equipment, or facilities. Application for membership must include a short one-sentence narrative to justify request. Most of Loree's work on the B&O physical plant remains evident today. The Society is dedicated to the preservation of and education about the history of America’s first Common Carrier Railroad, the Baltimore & Ohio. Application for membership must include a short one-sentence narrative to justify request. The first 13 miles (21 km) of line, from Baltimore to Ellicott’s Mills (now Ellicott City), Maryland, opened in 1830. [7], Construction began on July 4, 1828, when Charles Carroll of Carrollton (one of the last living signers of the Declaration of Independence) performed the groundbreaking by laying the cornerstone. In 1843, Congress appropriated $30,000 for construction of an experimental 38-mile (61 km) telegraph line between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore along the B&O's right-of-way. It proved crucial to Union success during the American Civil War, although the conflict also caused considerable damage (and repair costs). History and Information about the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1827-1987. Baltimore's Carrollton Viaduct, named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, was the B&O's first bridge, and is the world's second-oldest railroad bridge still carrying trains (the world's oldest is the Skerne Bridge, Darlington, UK of 1824–1825). Because of competition with the C&O canal for trade with coal fields in western Maryland, the railroad could not use the C&O right-of-way. After the battle, Lincoln paid tribute to Garrett as: "The right arm of the Federal Government in the aid he rendered the authorities in preventing the Confederates from seizing Washington and securing its retention as the Capital of the Loyal States.". Baltimore And Ohio Railroad Csx Transportation Virginia Merchants from the city of Baltimore, which had benefitted to some extent from the construction of the National Road early in the century, wanted to continue to compete for trade with trans-Appalachian … These conflicts became more intense in the 1850s after the completion of the C&O Canal, which brought additional competition to the B&O. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Color History describes the rich history of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1827 to 1987 when it merged into CSX Corporation. The B&O reached Wheeling, West Virginia (then part of Virginia) on January 1, 1853. The projected route, passing through what is now Bowie, Maryland, could have a "branch" constructed that would allow service into Washington. Garret tried to use his government contacts to secure the needed protection, from Maryland Delegate Reverdy Johnson to General George McClellan and Treasury Secretary Salmon P. Chase. Although the directors of the Pennsylvania Railroad wanted a monopoly in their state, delays in laying track to Pittsburgh led the Pennsylvania legislature in 1846 to require construction to be completed within 10 years, else competition would be allowed. Located among Baltimore City's historic southwest neighborhoods, at the original site of the historic Mt. And, courtesy of a new through-line arrangement connecting the B&O’s eastern terminus at Baltimore with New York City, a second alternative for reaching this center of commerce from Union became a reality. The railroad decided to construct two inclined planes on each side of the ridge along which teams of horses, and perhaps steam-powered winches, would assist pulling the trains uphill. Den oprindelige linje havde udgangspunkt i havnebyen Baltimore og fortsatte ind i landet, med floden Ohio som sit mål (deraf navnet). The B&O had decided against a direct line to Hagerstown, though the city had petitioned the Directors. The Mount Airy Branch is the surviving, in-use portion of the 1839-opened Mount Airy Loop. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD (PHOTO: 1969, WILLARD, OHIO ROUNDHOUSE) As a college student in 1969, I worked the summer months as an extra board trainman on the Akron Division at Willard, OH. As a result of poor national economic conditions in the mid-1870s following the Panic of 1873, the B&O attempted to reduce its workers' wages. Before either connection was made, however, another branch was built around the west side of Washington. • Railroad History: Share This Page: Follow This Site: Part 1: Growth and Many Firsts. [28] Furthermore, the Pennsylvania Railroad and other investors sought permission to construct rail lines which threatened the B&O's monopolies on the Washington Branch (between Relay and Washington DC) and westward through Cumberland, Maryland. Recognized as the birthplace of American Railroading, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum is the largest collection of historic railroad artifacts in the western hemisphere. Its headquarters and operations, centered in Baltimore, provided years of economic growth for the port city. At 3:20 p.m. a train left Washington Depot with 87 U.S. Marines and two howitzers, and a 3:45 p.m. train from nearer Frederick, Maryland, carried three Maryland militia companies under Col. Edward Shriver. The B&O wanted links to Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, as well as the parts of western Virginia draining into the Ohio River valley and ultimately the Mississippi River, such as Wheeling (where the National Road crossed the Ohio River) and the Kanawha River valley. The first stone was layed for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad on July 4, 1828, in downtown Baltimore, Maryland. I own The History of the Baltimore and Ohio by Timothy Jacobs book. It took ten days to travel from Buffalo to New York City. The Loop had been mainline track Further extensions opened to Frederick (including the short Frederick Branch) on December 1, 1831; Point of Rocks on April 2, 1832; and Sandy Hook on December 1, 1834. [12] The B&O would only reach Charleston (at the confluence of the Kanawha and Elk Rivers) and ultimately Huntington (which was named after a major B&O investor) on the Ohio River more than a decade after the American Civil War and the creation of the state of West Virginia. The 10th president, Charles F. Mayer, spearheaded the development of the Baltimore Belt Line, which opened in 1895, and recruited engineer Samuel Rea to design it. [20] Many had conflicting interests: the directors appointed by the state and city desired low fares and all construction to be funded from corporate revenues, while the directors elected by shareholders desired greater profits and dividends. Before the Battle of Monocacy, B&O agents began reporting Confederate troop movements eleven days prior to the battle, and Garrett had their intelligence passed to authorities in the War Department and to Major General Lew Wallace, who commanded the department responsible for defense of the area. … This has become one of America’s largest railroads under the CSX Corporation. Now called the Metropolitan Subdivision. I am interested in the history of the Baltimore and Ohio during the entire history of the railroad. Thus he and others asked Secretary of War Cameron to protect the B&O as the national capitol's main westward link. In response, the B&O chartered the Philadelphia Branch in Maryland and the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad in Delaware and Pennsylvania and built a parallel route, finished in 1886. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) is a railway operated by steam to engage in the transportation of goods and passengers and is connected to thirteen states. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was the first common carrier and Class I railroad and the first to offer scheduled freight and passenger service. On February 28, 1827, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad became the first U.S. railway chartered for the commercial transportation of freight and passengers. Connected Washington, D.C., to the Old Main Line at Point of Rocks. At first the B&O was located entirely in the state of Maryland, its original line extending from the port of Baltimore west to Sandy Hook (opened in 1834). (View finding aid) James E. Burke collection of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company Photographs. When construction began on the B&O in the 1820s, railroad engineering was in its infancy. [9] The canal was operated by the B&O until 1924 when it was damaged in another flood. Meanwhile, the State of Maryland granted the B&O a charter to build a line from Baltimore to Washington, D.C., in 1831, and the Washington Branch was opened in 1835. On April 19, 1960, the railroad retired its last steam locomotive. The strike spread to Cumberland, and when Maryland Governor John Lee Carroll attempted to put down the strike by sending the state militia from Baltimore, riots broke out resulting in 11 deaths, the burning of parts of Camden station, and damage to several engines and cars. It reached the Ohio River at Moundsville, Virginia (1852), Wheeling (1853), where it built a terminus, and a few years later (1857) also to Parkersburg, Virginia, below rapids which made navigation difficult during parts of the year. Their plans worked well, despite many political problems from canal backers and other railroads. Chapter 123 of the 1826 Session Laws of Maryland, Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, Jackson's operations against the B&O Railroad (1861), Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad, Cincinnati, Indianapolis and Western Railroad, Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway, Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops, "December 24, 1852: B&O Railroad completed near Moundsville", "Evergreen House and the Garrett Family: A Railroad Fortune", "John W. Garrett, President, B & O Railroad.
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