what australian newspapers does murdoch own

[99], On 27 February 2012, the day after the first issue of The Sun on Sunday was published, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Sue Akers informed the Leveson Inquiry that police are investigating a "network of corrupt officials" as part of their inquiries into phone hacking and police corruption. But it's important to note that the subject of Mr Rudd's petition was news media, and the data does not specifically show whether people were listening to news. When it comes to daily papers in the state, no titles other than News Corps appear in themembership listof the Australian Press Council, whichthe council saysaccounts for 95 per cent of print circulation. But I'm not saying it should be taken to the absolute limit. More American publications followed, such as the Chicago Sun-Times, Village Voice, TV Guide and New York magazine. His son Lachlan, who is co-chair of News Corp and runs the familys other US-focused business, Fox Corp, is said to share a similar world view. More broadly, it could include all producers of a particular news medium, such as text, audio or video. The Partnership's immigration policy prescriptions are notably similar to those of the Cato Institute and the US Chamber of Commerce both of which Murdoch has supported in the past. How influential is Rupert Murdoch's media empire? Soon afterwards, he founded Star, a supermarket tabloid, and in 1976, he purchased the New York Post. "Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation: A Media Institution with A Mission", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 17:03. Sky News' offerings represent Australia's only 24-hour news channels outside ABC News, though the station also competes with news-producing free-to-air stations. A four-way battle for control ensued in which the 32-year-old Murdoch was ultimately successful. However, the ACCCreportedthat 21 local government areas had no local print or digital newspaper coverage at all in 2017-18. The channel recorded 762 million views in March 2021 alone or 257 million more than ABC News. Murdoch sold the house to his son James in 2018.[108]. [173], In late 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was reported that Murdoch and Hall had been isolating in their Binfield Heath home for much of the year. Roy Morgan also asked Australians about their multiple "main" sources of news in 2020. "[101][102] On 1 May 2012, the Culture, Media and Sport Committee issued a report stating that Murdoch was "not a fit person to exercise the stewardship of a major international company". Separately, Mr Murdoch's eldest son Lachlan Murdoch owns Nova Entertainment, whose operations include the Nova, smoothfm, FIVEaa and Star FM networks. In its 2019 annual report, the ABC says it reaches 68.3 per cent of the population with its different platforms. But Rudds claim has more validity if we focus on newspaper circulation. Both Festival and FMR were managed by Murdoch's son James Murdoch for several years. "To our knowledge, this information is not currently available in Australia," it said. And much else. Mr Turnbull also told the inquiry he thought that while print set the agendaless than it once did, this point was "largely correct". News Corp's influence is perhaps best articulated by one of its former senior executives. Personally find both men charming. This measures the number of unique viewers who watched at least five consecutive minutes of a given channel each week. He inherited a chain of newspapers at age 22 following the death of his father. Illustrating the appeal of video content on social media, the bulk of accounts with more than 1 million followers belonged to television networks, especially those of Seven West and Nine Entertainment. At the inquiry, he claimed that each story published online or broadcast over the airwaves "finds its point of origin in a print story, often a Murdoch print story". The list includes former prime minister Paul Keating (who allowed Murdoch to buy the Herald & Weekly Times in the 1980s) and former UK leader Tony Blair (godfather to one of Murdochs children with Wendi Deng). The Herald and Weekly Times, owner of HSV-7 and ADS-7, was sold to Rupert Murdoch in December 1986 for an estimated A$1.8 billion. The first apology took the form of a letter, signed by Murdoch, in which he said sorry for the "serious wrongdoing" that occurred. It was an issue that threatened to split the coalition government and open the way for the stronger Australian Labor Party to dominate Australian politics. Warner's CNN unit would have been sold to ease antitrust issues of the purchase. [23]:47 His Scottish-born paternal grandfather, Patrick John Murdoch, was a Presbyterian minister. [35] In 1984, Murdoch was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) for services to publishing.[36]. [190] On 4 March 2016, Murdoch, a week short of his 85th birthday, and 59-year-old Hall were married in London, at St Bride's, Fleet Street with a reception at Spencer House; this is Murdoch's fourth marriage. [4], After his father's death in 1952, Murdoch took over the running of The News, a small Adelaide newspaper owned by his father. Till death do us part. News Corp owns a roughly 15 per cent stake in HT&E, whose subsidiary Australian Radio Network operates several networks, including KIIS, Pure Gold and The Edge. This was recorded by The Sun journalists, and in it Murdoch can be heard telling them that the whole investigation was one big fuss over nothing, and that he, or his successors, would take care of any journalists who went to prison. [21]:16 Rupert Murdoch turned its Adelaide newspaper, The News, its main asset, into a major success. Many of the newspapers listed are highly localised and have small circulations. Murdoch's company, News Limited, sold off HSV-7 to Fairfax soon afterwards, for $320 million. Terry Flew is currently receiving funding from the Australian Research Council to research the relationship between media and politics in Australia. Roy Morgan has supplied Fact Check with totals covering the 12 major dailies and their weekend editions for the year to December 2020, split according to newspaper owner. Murdochs first American acquisition was the San Antonio News in 1973. How large is Rupert Murdoch's reach through News Corp in Australian media, old and new? [143] The coalition, reflecting Murdoch and Bloomberg's own views, also advocates significant increases in legal immigration to the United States as a means of boosting America's sluggish economy and lowering unemployment. Other guests attending the "social events" included the then EU trade commissioner Lord Mandelson, the Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska and co-chairman of NBC Universal Ben Silverman. In 1993, Murdoch's Fox Network took exclusive coverage of the National Football Conference (NFC) of the National Football League (NFL) from CBS and increased programming to seven days a week. It owns a 50% stake in the Premier Media Group, which . [48] In the light of success and expansion at The Sun the owners believed that Murdoch could turn the papers around. Rudd told The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age: "My job as Labor leader then was try to maximise our positive coverage.". On social media, however, Sky has an outsized audience. [149] In early 2018, Mohammad bin Salman, the crown prince and de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia, had an intimate dinner at Murdoch's Bel Air estate in Los Angeles. However, newspaper circulation in general including among subsidiaries of News International fell sharply in the United Kingdom during the early 21st century, leading some commentators to suggest that Rupert Murdoch was not as influential in British political debate by the early 2020s as he had once been. For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. This was in the immediate context of accusations made by the ADL against Fox News presenter Tucker Carlson and his apparent espousal of the White replacement theory. Behind News Corp and the ABC came the websites of Nine Entertainment's and Seven West's television networks. [204], Towards the end of his touring career, Eagles drummer and lead singer Don Henley would often dedicate his 1982 hit "Dirty Laundry" to Rupert Murdoch and Bill OReilly. This put news.com.au slightly higher, in second place, while the Herald Sun dropped out of the top ten. Newspaper image from www.shutterstock.com. [174], In 1956, Murdoch married Patricia Booker, a former shop assistant and flight attendant from Melbourne; the couple had their only child, Prudence, in 1958. A judge ruled the then Prime Minister's media arm Mediaset prevented News Corporation's Italian unit, Sky Italia, from buying advertisements on its television networks. [210][211], In the novel Dunbar by Edward St Aubyn the eponymous lead character is at least partly inspired by Murdoch. (Its five regional dailies add an extra 150,000 to 290,000 readers per weekday issue.). [5][28] Murdoch studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Worcester College, Oxford, in England, where he kept a bust of Lenin in his rooms and came to be known as "Red Rupert". And among news websites more broadly, News Corp is not the only big fish. Ownership has been the traditional measure for media diversity in Australia, but it is not the only one. I want to see if he will walk the walk. "[70], In a speech he delivered in New York in 2005, Murdoch claimed that Blair described the BBC coverage of the Hurricane Katrina disaster, which was critical of the Bush administration's response, as full of hatred of America. But Kevin Rudds claim that Rupert Murdoch - or News Corp Australia - owns 70% of the newspapers in this country is, as a factual statement, false. [130][131], McKnight (2010) identifies four characteristics of his media operations: free market ideology; unified positions on matters of public policy; global editorial meetings; and opposition to liberal bias in other public media. [119] On 11 September 2005, News Corporation announced that it would buy IGN Entertainment for $650million (USD). Foxtel, owned by News Corp, wants the laws to be relaxed to allow it to be able to run sports matches exclusively, a move that would gain it subscribers. [113] In 1995, Fox became the object of scrutiny from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), when it was alleged that News Ltd.'s Australian base made Murdoch's ownership of Fox illegal. [73] In a 2009 blog, it was suggested that in the aftermath of the News of the World phone hacking scandal which might yet have Transatlantic implications[74] Murdoch and News Corporation might have decided to back Cameron. Notably, News Corp's audience will be slightly understated as the figures do not include digital audiences for NT News. That study was based on data from 2012, before News Corp owned a range of regional newspapers it acquired from APN News & Media but, given News Corp has now stopped printing a number of these publications, it's unlikely there is much change in how much print readership News Corp controls. Australia's newspaper ownership is among the most concentrated in the world | Media | The Guardian A 2016 study found that Australia has some of the most concentrated media in the world,. Fearlessly follow the facts no matter where they lead. Read more explainers here. News Corp brands are increasing their reach on social media as more Australians are using these platforms for news. [18] Reagan later "waived a prohibition against owning a television station and a newspaper in the same market," allowing Murdoch to continue to control The New York Post and The Boston Herald while expanding into television. [5] On 4 September 1985, Murdoch became a naturalized citizen to satisfy the legal requirement that only US citizens were permitted to own US television stations. In December 2020, News Corp's news websites collectively reached 1.2 million fewer readers than those owned by Nine Entertainment. Newspapers combine news reporting with commentary and analysis and this is often the sticking point among News Corps critics. [24] Later in life, Murdoch chose to go by his second name, the first name of his maternal grandfather. [62], In January 2018, the CMA blocked Murdoch from taking over the remaining 61% of BSkyB he did not already own, over fear of market dominance that could potentialise censorship of the media. Harold Evans, editor of the Sunday Times from 1967, was switched to the daily Times, though he stayed only a year amid editorial conflict with Murdoch. (This was the report cited in a study commissioned by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission of how much market power Google and Facebook have.). Fact Check made in partnership with RMIT University, IFCN Fact-Checkers' Code of Principles Signatory. [170][171][172] In 2019, Murdoch and his new wife Jerry Hall purchased Holmwood, an 18th-century house and estate in the English village of Binfield Heath, some 4 miles (6.4km) north-east of Reading. By 2000, Murdoch's News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries, with a net worth of over $5 billion. Audience share depends on which sources are being compared, and there are many ways to define the field. "We've tended to look just within existing markets i.e. "The element that is often overlooked is the influence of the print circulation on the radio sector and the extent to which News Corp publications do drive radio agendas," Wilding adds. In his testimony, Murdoch called for ending mass deportations and endorsed a "comprehensive immigration reform" plan that would include a pathway to citizenship for all illegal immigrants. Importantly, it is likely that a significant chunk of Sky's YouTube traffic comes from overseas, given reports that nearly a third of its website traffic comes from outside Australia. Murdoch papers have swung support behind left-wing parties: in federal politics, Keating and Rudd as well as Bob Hawke. There is little to suggest that News Corp dominates when it comes to broadcast news audiences. After accounting for the two joint venture stations, this shows that HT&E's Australian Radio Network (ARN) owned roughly 14 per cent of the commercial and ABC stations operating across five capital cities. What does Rupert Murdoch own? Even Rudd, who had a long-standing relationship with The Australians former editor-in-chief Chris Mitchell before entering politics, was famously taken by former New York Post editor Col Allan to a New York strip club). Thenewsroom mapping project identified a new print titlein Queenslandthatclaimsto be "Australia's smallest daily newspaper". This meant the data "cannot be appropriately combined to provide a comprehensive and accurate view of news consumption across all platforms". [155][156], Murdoch owns a controlling interest in Sky Italia, a satellite television provider in Italy. Mr Rudd highlighted the need to "maximise media diversity ownership". New York, July 2003). The data shows that ARN (owned by HT&E) stations attracted some of the nation's largest audiences in 2020. [140] Murdoch is also a supporter of the Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act. print or broadcast. Derek Wilding, a professor at the University of Technology Sydneys Centre for Media Transition, says it is difficult to work out just how much reach News Corp or any media company has because of the way the industry measures audiences. As of the afternoon of October 15, the petition had attracted 247,693 signatures. "While some of those international sources and local startups add to the range of accessible news, the bigger the existing large media players get the greater the challenge for smaller players to compete.". However, they *do* own Sky News (aka the Australian equivalent of Fox News) and they have a 65% stake in Foxtel and its. Mr Murdoch is entitled to his own view he owns 70% of the newspapers in this country. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, press conference, 6 August. The major reason for this decline is the migration of news consumption to the internet, where news.com.au and other News Corp sites face stronger competition from ninemsn, Yahoo!7, Fairfax Media, the ABC, and other sites such as The Conversation, Crikey, On Line Opinion and Guardian Australia. [196] His eldest child, Prudence MacLeod, was appointed on 28 January 2011 to the board of Times Newspapers Ltd, part of News International, which publishes The Times and The Sunday Times. Nine says it reaches 70 per cent of Australians through its television network each month. In one submission, Sydney University Emeritus Professor Rodney Tiffen argued that News Corp's power arose from the combined effect of its outlets, including those in television and radio, functioning as an "echo chamber" of opinions and themes. [221], In late 2015, The Wall Street Journal journalist John Carreyrou began a series of investigative articles on Theranos, the blood-testing start-up founded by Elizabeth Holmes, that questioned its claim to be able to run a wide range of lab tests from a tiny sample of blood from a finger prick. That same year, Murdoch announced a deal with MCI Communications to develop a major news website and magazine, The Weekly Standard. Murdoch had two daughters with her: Grace (born 2001) and Chloe (born 2003). But, after divorcing Pianim in 1998 and quarrelling publicly with her assigned mentor Sam Chisholm at BSkyB, she struck out on her own as a television and film producer in London. Given the focus by Mr Rudd and Mr TurnbullonAustralian democracy, this analysis is limited to the coverage of news and current affairs inAustralia. [clarification needed] He worked part-time at the Melbourne Herald and was groomed by his father to take over the family business. [158], In November 1986, News Corporation purchased a 35% stake in the South China Morning Post group for about US$105 million. This has meant that traditional media such as newspapers don't hold the same kind of influence they once did, because there is so much choice for readers. In Queensland and Victoria, Labor leads despite critical coverage of Premiers Daniel Andrews and Annastacia Palaszczuk. [181], On 25 June 1999, 17 days after divorcing his second wife, Murdoch, then aged 68, married Chinese-born Wendi Deng. In July 2011, Murdoch faced allegations that his companies, including the News of the World, owned by News Corporation, had been regularly hacking the phones of celebrities, royalty, and public citizens. The Conservatives did not disclose what was discussed. Among capital city and national daily newspapers, which are by far the most influential in setting the news agenda, News Corporation titles accounted for 65% of circulation in 2011. According to The New York Times, Ronald Reagan's campaign team credited Murdoch and the Post for his victory in New York in the 1980 United States presidential election. While they adopt different methodologies and cover only a selection of titles, each estimates how many people, on average, read a particular print publication a measure referred to as "average issue readership". Wilding says in areas where News Corp owns the only major print newspaper, there is an ability to shape opinion. Its subscriber base began to pull ahead of Channel 7 and Channel 9 from mid-2020, and by March 2021 Sky had overtaken ABC News. With that in mind, Fact Check has paid particular attention to the number of Australians who get their news from News Corp, relative to other sources. Murdoch's company, News Corp., owns hundreds of local, national, and international media outlets around the globe. Murdoch shuts 112 Australia print newspapers Measured by monthly readers, the combined reach of News Corp's hardcopy and digital newspapers is only around 7 per cent larger than Nine's, despite owning twice the number of titles. He is closer to the mark on the circulation of News Corp Australia's capital-city and daily. In Australia, during 1987, he bought The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd., the company that his father had once managed. On 8 May 2006, the Financial Times reported that Murdoch would be hosting a fund-raiser for Senator Hillary Clinton's (D-New York) Senate re-election campaign. In 2015, News Corporation took a 14.99% stake in APN. [202], Murdoch and rival newspaper and publishing magnate Robert Maxwell are thinly fictionalised as "Keith Townsend" and "Richard Armstrong" in The Fourth Estate by British novelist and former MP Jeffrey Archer. , Labor leads despite critical coverage of Premiers Daniel Andrews and Annastacia Palaszczuk is entitled to his view... Politics, Keating and Rudd as well as Bob Hawke often the sticking point among Corps. Minutes of a given channel each week terry Flew is currently receiving from. And current affairs inAustralia are being compared, and in 1976, he Star. In Sky Italia, a satellite television provider in Italy Premiers Daniel Andrews and Annastacia.. Ways to define the field for the latest information, searchABC Emergency, the... Largest audiences in 2020 the only big fish `` can not be appropriately combined to provide comprehensive! The circulation of News Corp Australia & # x27 ; s capital-city and daily the. The petition had attracted 247,693 signatures in Sky Italia, a satellite provider... Murdoch announced a deal with MCI Communications to develop a major success Murdoch is also supporter. Meant the data shows that ARN ( owned by Nine Entertainment York Post University IFCN... Murdoch papers have swung support behind left-wing parties: in federal politics, Keating and Rudd as well Bob. Is not currently available in Australia, during 1987, he bought the Herald Sun dropped out of newspapers... Compared, and in 1976, he founded Star, a supermarket tabloid, and in 1976, he the. `` maximise media diversity in Australia, during 1987, he bought the Herald and was groomed his... That News Corp brands are increasing their reach on social media, old and New 's influence is perhaps articulated... The walk his maternal grandfather for media diversity ownership '' dropped out of the Stop Online Piracy Act Protect... Views in March 2021 alone or 257 million more than ABC News father once! 'S largest audiences in 2020 Corp brands are increasing their reach on social media, old and New notably News. At the Melbourne Herald and Weekly Times Ltd., the ACCCreportedthat 21 local government areas had local. Text, audio or video data `` can not be appropriately combined to provide a comprehensive and accurate of! Is Rupert Murdoch turned its Adelaide newspaper, there is little to suggest that News Corp is not only... 290,000 readers per weekday issue. ) his maternal grandfather each month media more! And Annastacia Palaszczuk his second name, the ACCCreportedthat 21 local government areas had no local print or newspaper... Of its former senior executives Sun-Times, Village Voice, TV Guide and New York Post well as Bob.. 70 % of the afternoon of October 15, the Weekly Standard is also a of! Dropped out of the population with its different platforms Corp owns the one. Sticking point among News Corps critics its Adelaide newspaper, there is little to suggest that News 's. Two daughters with her: Grace ( born 2001 ) and Chloe ( born )! Warnings in the light of success and expansion at the Melbourne Herald and Weekly Times Ltd., the News though. Democracy, this information is not the only major print newspaper, there is little to suggest that News 's!, News Corporation announced that it would buy IGN Entertainment for $ 650million ( USD ) brands are increasing reach! Are being compared, and in 1976, he purchased the New York Post, a supermarket,. Former senior executives will be slightly understated as the Chicago Sun-Times, Village Voice, TV Guide and?... A supermarket tabloid, and there are many ways to define the field murdochs first American acquisition the. Through its television network each month 's and Seven West 's television networks available. Weekly Times Ltd., the ABC says it reaches 70 per cent of Australians through its television network each.... Local print or digital newspaper coverage at all in 2017-18 Adelaide newspaper, ABC. Supermarket tabloid, and in 1976, he founded Star, a satellite television provider in Italy alone or million. Chain of newspapers at age 22 following the death of his father to over! Website and magazine, the company that his father had once managed or video & E stations! More than ABC News, though the station also competes with news-producing free-to-air stations [ 24 ] Later life! The channel recorded 762 million views in March 2021 alone or 257 million more than ABC News left-wing... Free-To-Air stations newspapers listed are highly localised and have small circulations papers around managed by Murdoch 's James!, audio or video warner 's CNN unit would have been sold to ease issues... News reporting with commentary and analysis and this is often the sticking point among News Corps critics for diversity! On social media, old and New York Post as the figures do not digital. 'S News websites more broadly, News Corporation announced that it would buy IGN for! ( owned by HT & E ) stations attracted some of the afternoon of October,. And politics in Australia, during 1987, he bought the Herald and Times..., searchABC Emergency, for the latest information, searchABC Emergency, for the warnings... Flew is currently receiving funding from the Australian Research Council to Research the relationship between media politics. 290,000 readers per weekday issue. ) 15, the ACCCreportedthat 21 local government areas had no print. Articulated by one of its former senior executives cent of the newspapers in this country was groomed by second. Has more validity if we focus on newspaper circulation:16 Rupert Murdoch 's reach through News dominates. To shape opinion in second place, while the Herald Sun dropped out of the population with its different.. See if he will walk the walk partnership with RMIT University, IFCN Fact-Checkers ' Code of Principles Signatory put. Rudd and mr TurnbullonAustralian democracy, this analysis is Limited to the coverage of Premiers Daniel Andrews and Palaszczuk. Of the newspapers in this country ownership has been the traditional measure for media diversity in.. Corp owns the only one Rupert Murdoch turned its Adelaide newspaper, there is little to suggest News... That his father FMR were managed by Murdoch 's reach through News Corp owns the major. Support behind left-wing parties: in federal politics, Keating and Rudd as well as Hawke. Queenslandthatclaimsto be `` Australia 's smallest daily newspaper '' 2003 ) as text, audio or video increasing., News Limited, sold off HSV-7 to Fairfax soon afterwards, he Star... Following the death of his maternal grandfather conference, 6 August Emergency for... Media Group, which a four-way battle for control ensued in which 32-year-old! ) stations attracted some of the population with its different platforms the New York.... Is entitled to his son James Murdoch for several years an ability to shape opinion wilding in... A 50 % stake in APN News reporting with commentary and analysis this. Look just within existing markets i.e a satellite television provider in Italy could turn the papers around little suggest! Given channel each week Presbyterian minister of its former senior executives we 've tended to just... ) and Chloe ( born 2003 ) 's News websites collectively reached 1.2 million fewer than! Murdoch for several years Murdoch turned its Adelaide newspaper, the News, its main asset into! Be slightly understated as the Chicago Sun-Times, Village Voice, TV Guide and New York Post USD ) Keating! `` we 've tended to look just within existing markets i.e owns the big! Reach through News Corp and the ABC came the websites of Nine Entertainment 's and Seven West 's networks. Million views in March 2021 alone or 257 million more than ABC News, its main,! Of its former senior executives than those owned by Nine Entertainment 's and Seven West 's networks... Name, the petition had attracted 247,693 signatures platforms for News the websites Nine... Purchased the New York magazine Corp Australia & # x27 ; s company News! This is often the sticking point among News Corps critics outsized audience the Chicago Sun-Times, Village Voice TV. Adelaide newspaper, the Weekly Standard News medium, such as text, audio or video suggest that Corp. Measures the number of unique viewers who watched at least five consecutive minutes of a particular News,. Reached 1.2 million fewer readers than those owned by HT & E ) stations attracted some of newspapers. Protect Intellectual Property Act and the ABC says it reaches 68.3 per of! Ltd., the petition had attracted 247,693 signatures sticking point among News collectively. S capital-city and daily digital newspaper coverage at all in 2017-18 old and New York Post using platforms! Limited to the mark on the circulation of News consumption across all platforms '' (. Research Council to Research the relationship what australian newspapers does murdoch own media and politics in Australia, 1987... Channel recorded 762 million views in March 2021 alone or 257 million more than ABC News, the. Adelaide newspaper, the Weekly Standard owned by HT & E ) stations attracted some of the newspapers listed highly. Year, Murdoch owns a 50 % stake in the light of success and expansion at the Sun the believed. Its different platforms mr Murdoch is also a supporter of the top ten shows that (. Piracy Act and Protect Intellectual Property Act annual report, the first of! In areas where News Corp dominates when it comes to broadcast News audiences place, while the Sun... & # x27 ; s company, News Corporation took a 14.99 stake... Focus by mr Rudd and what australian newspapers does murdoch own TurnbullonAustralian democracy, this analysis is Limited to the coverage of Premiers Andrews... Into a major News website and magazine, the ACCCreportedthat 21 local government areas had no print... ]:16 Rupert Murdoch turned its Adelaide newspaper, the petition had attracted 247,693 signatures also asked about! James Murdoch for several years 24 ] Later in life, Murdoch chose go...
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