Gen. Otto Weylands XIX Tactical Air Command. Indeed, the advance of Haislips XV Corps prevented German forces from assembling for their attack on the west bank of the Moselle, where they might cut off the forces on the east bank. The western boundary of Lorraine is formed by the Moselle Valley and the eastern boundary by the Saare River. Having raced 400 miles from the hedgerows of Normandy to the forested banks of the Moselle River in less than one months time, Lt. Gen. George S. Pattons troops had fought desperately to secure bridgeheads in the Lorraine region from an enemy that had at last turned like a cornered animal and bared its fangs. The pause that refreshes. The general told the troops around him. Patton led the provisional tank brigade that captured the town of Varennes, but was wounded on the first morning of the battle. . Balck requested that Rundstedt provide Army Group G with three fresh divisions and 80 additional tanks and assault guns to continue the fight. Lava's technical capabilities. Copyright 2004-2023 Lava Development, LLC., all rights reserved, See all 47 photographs of Crossing the Rhine, Message from George Patton to US 5th Infantry Division. On the night of March 22, 1945, elements of the Third Army crossed the Rhine at the German town of Oppenheim. Please refrain from using strong language. ww2dbaseDwight Eisenhower expected the German troops, some elite including soldiers of the First Paratroop Army, would be prepared for such an invasion in the northern Ruhr area. ww2dbaseTo cross the Rhine presented the Royal Engineer with many highly technical problems, but experiments and preparations for just such a task had been carried out on the River Ouse, near Goole, since 1943, and orders for specialised equipment needed had been placed with the Ministry of Supply in good time. Thank You, The Germans did not intended to give up either without a fight. von Florian Weber; Verffentlicht am 1. Above and below Nancy, the Germans were content to wait for the Allies to attempt to cross the Moselle and launch local counterattacks in an effort to contain or eliminate the bridgeheads. Meanwhile the construction of an even larger Class 40 bridge "London Bridge" continued and was completed by midnight. Luttwitz and Krueger received their orders two days before the start date. Bradley (18931981) took part in the buildup to the July 1944 Normandy landings (Operation Overlord) and was given charge of the U.S. First Army. To cover CCBs former position in the line, Baades 35th Infantry Division advanced to a new position west of Chateau-Salins. Manteuffels attack for the following day involved a coordinated strike toward Arracourt using the 111th and 113th Panzer Brigades from Luttwitzs and Kruegers corps, respectively. However, Patton was aware that this would be obvious to the Germans, and therefore he and his staff made rapid plans for another site at Nierstein and Oppenheim, about 12 miles south of Mainz. After 48 hours of hard fighting, the bridgehead was abandoned. Patton told Wood to strike east the following day in the belief that it would keep the Germans off balance. From the standpoint of losses in men and equipment, the Arracourt battles were a resounding victory for the Americans. Wietersheim ordered the battle group to break off its attack until the following day so that reinforcements could be sent to Bures. The eastern thrust of the 113th Panzer Brigades attack that day was aimed at Companies C and D of the 37th Tank Battalion guarding the eastern and southern approaches to Arracourt. Crossing the Rhine moves at a fast pace, delivers an innovative interpretation of the past, and forces us to ask ourselves just what it takesin blood spilt, . ww2dbasePrior to crossing the Rhine, the Allied forces were already bombing German airfields to reduce the capability for the Luftwaffe to interfere with the plans. You can also buy the book by clicking on the buttons to the left. On 26 Mar 1945, these troops marched southward toward Patton's troops. Despite the ferocity of the attack, the cavalry held on for four hours before it finally withdrew into the town. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Against All Odds: A True Story of Ultimate Courage and Survival in World War II, Forgotten: The Untold Story of D-Day's Black Heroes, at Home and at War, A Higher Call: An Incredible True Story of Combat and Chivalry in the War-Torn Skies of World War II, The Boy Who Followed His Father into Auschwitz: A True Story of Family and Survival, Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942 (The Pacific War Trilogy, 1), Facing the Mountain: An Inspiring Story of Japanese American Patriots in World War II, Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler, Hitler's American Gamble: Pearl Harbor and Germanys March to Global War, The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-day Sacrifice, A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II, The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz, Potsdam: The End of World War II and the Remaking of Europe. Telling a story of a man whose ambition was matched by his audacity and creativity and drive, the author presents a picture of a compelling, complicated man.Interested in World War II? 9th AID M3 Half-tracks advancing through Engers, Germany, 27 March 1945. All rights reserved. At daybreak, the 358th Infantry Regiment attacked the column with a wide range of antitank weapons including bazookas, 3-inch guns, and 105 mm howitzers. General der Panzertruppen Walter Kruegers 58th Corps, which formed the right wing, comprised the 15th Panzergrenadier Division and the also untested but intact 113th Panzer Brigade. Troops of the US Ninth Army finished clearing the Duisberg Pocket in Germany. The very notion was unpalatable to Old Blood and Guts. Patton, not wanting to compromise his armys success with publicity, telephoned Omar Bradley the following morning and uncharacteristically told him to keep it a secret. But various factors were at work to derail those hopes. Until now, I cant find a webpage, book or other source for an . When I looked for a second target, it was gone.. If you supply any information, it would be appreciated by his family. To order this book, please visit its online sales page atAmazonorBarnes & Noble. He wanted a quick, spectacular crossing that would produce newspaper headlines in the manner of This is Part One of a Three Part look at Pattons Lorraine Campaign. The Sherman crews could do little to deter the advancing Panthers because of the excellent sloped and thick frontal armor the enemy tanks possessed. Despite the impressive numbers, the only armored unit initially available to Knobelsdorff was the 106th Panzer Brigade, one of the first of the newly formed panzer units with a full battalion of Panther tanks, which constituted First Armys thin operational reserve. Elements of the 4th and 6th Armored Divisions, the latter which had been serving as Third Armys rear guard, and other units began converging on the townin response. Email Address Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. McLain issued orders for the nearest infantry regiments to converge on the enemy column. First Armys center, which was anchored at Metz, was the responsibility of SS General-Lieutenant Herman Priess, commanding the 13th SS Corps, while First Armys left wing at Nancy was entrusted to General der Panzertruppen Heinrich Freiherr von Luttwitz, commanding the 47th Panzer Corps. A heavy artillery barrage preceded an attack near Chateau-Salins by two regiments supported by tanks across flat ground against U.S. forces in defensive positions on a long ridge. At this location, on March 22 & 23, 1945, the 249th Engineer Combat Battalion, after supporting the U.S. Army 5th Infantry Division at Oppenheim, in the first successful Rhine river assault crossing since Napoleon, completed the construction of a 366 meter floating bridge to carry elements of General George S. Patton's 3rd Army across the Rhine. Opposition was negligible and within 24 hours the entire US 5th Division had crossed the river. The Germans attacking toward Hill 265 captured several key towns, one of which was Xanrey, a few miles northwest of Arracourt. Patton had been correct that the Germans possessed no defense in depth immediately after Third Army crossed the Moselle. Manteuffels goal, as head of the 5th Panzer Army on the Western Front, was to transform Lunville into a base from which to roll up Third Armys flank on the east bank of the river. We hope that visitor conversations at WW2DB will be constructive and thought-provoking. Patton similarly arose, clutching two handfuls of German earth in his fingers, and exclaimed, Thus, William the Conqueror!That evening Patton sent a communiqu to General Eisenhower: Dear SHAEF [Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force], I have just pissed into the Rhine River. I think, everybody here know the photo as Patton urinated into the Rhine. The new panzer brigades each had a battalion of Panzergrenadiers drawn from the three Panzergrenadier divisions already in Lorraine. The Shermans therefore attempted to use the ridge for cover and engage the Panthers head-on, with disappointing results. Meanwhile, British 2nd Army began an offensive towards the Elbe River. Significantly, none of the panzer brigades had either organic artillery or reconnaissance vehicles. Patton celebrated the victory by stopping on a treadway bridge his men had built and relieving himself into the river. Whats more, his decision to advance on a broad front ran contrary to the general understanding that it was necessary to concentrate forces to create a sizable breach worthy of exploiting in the enemys main line. Eddys final plan, which was a compromise between his initial plan and that of headstrong 4th Armored Division commander Maj. Gen. John Wood, called for Brig. This article is also part of our extensive collection of articles on the second World War. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was the supreme commander of Allied forces in North Africa at the time, picked Patton to lead the U.S. Mrz 2023; . Patton might have been destined to oversee U.S. forces in the invasion of France the following year, but his inability to control his emotional outbursts and a personal sense of honor and duty that blocked him from sympathizing with the trials and tribulations of frontline troops caused him to stumble. Again, the Germans proved they had the determination and resources to make the Americans pay heavily to get their forces across the Moselle. National Interest Newsletter. Crossing the Rhine 24 -31 March 1945: C-47 transport planes release hundreds of paratroops and their supplies over the Rees-Wesel area to the east of the Rhine. Because Knobelsdorff had no better luck than Manteuffel against the Americans, Balck returned control of the offensive back to Manteuffel. With their high-velocity guns, the Panthers easily knocked out the Yanks vehicles. This adventurous expedition, however, was later criticized by Eisenhower as far too daring, and noted that had Eisenhower been there he would never have permitted Churchill to cross the river at that time, just as Eisenhower had fought to stop Churchill from observing the Normandy landings in France. The strike destroyed five Panthers and 20 half-tracks. World War Two Timeline From The Great War To Germanys Surrender. To ensure that the bridgehead could properly defend itself, Wood ordered Clarks CCA to send its lead elements across the bridge the following morning. The 37th Tank Battalion was sent to the rear to rest and refit. Although his unit was spearheading the attack toward the river, he assumed there would be a pause to get organized for the crossing. To the right side of the center banner WORLD WAR II 75th ANNIVERSARY is Patton in a B-3 Bomber jacket and his name, GEN. GEORGE S. PATTON JR. Next is an image of Patton crossing the Rhine into Germany with a convoy of troops, supply trucks, troop caravan and an Sherman M4 tank. Although the 4th Armored Division lost 48 tanks in the fighting around Arracourt in September, the Germans lost 285, which constituted most of the replacement tanks sent to the Western Front that fall. Total losses for the day were five Shermans and more than 40 Panther and Mark IV tanks. He made his way halfway across the bridge before suddenly halting. Equally devastating was the loss of both panzer brigade commanders during the two-day assault on CCAs left flank. News of the crossing made it around the world. When Patton Enlisted the Entire Third Army to Pray for Fair Weather, California Do not sell my personal information. In Germany, US Third Army captured Frankfurt and Wiesbaden and US Seventh Army captured Mannheim. Distinguished Unit Citations: 11. On the same day, 150 bombers of the Fifteenth Air Force flew from Italy to bomb the German capital of Berlin nearly unopposed from the air, meanwhile British Royal Air Force bombers attacked rail and oil targets in the Ruhr region. Having previously been denied permission to photograph the face of the 200,000th prisoner (the Geneva Convention required that a prisoner be protected against acts of public curiosity), Patton announced that this time we will take a picture of his ass. (A week later their POW capture would top 300,000. A major firefight developed that resulted in the destruction of seven enemy tanks at the cost of three Shermans. By the end of the day the Germans had lost a dozen Mark IVs and six Panthers. By early afternoon, the Germans were fighting their way into the southern end of the town. As the troops of the French First Army crossed the Rhine River near Speyer, Germany, they became the first French troops to attack across the river since Napoleon Bonaparte. The goal of this Eisenhower (18901969) was chosen in July 1942 to head Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1943. Company A, advancing on the left, gained high ground west of Juvelize, and with substantial artillery support, it checked the momentum of the enemy armor pushing south. The combined pressure of American armor, artillery, and air support proved too much for the German armor, and as the Panthers and Mark IVs and their complement of Panzergrenadiers pulled back north, they were hammered by the Thunderbolts. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, Patton was chomping at the bit to get at the Germans as soon as he arrived in France, and Bradley received permission from Ike to activate Third Army on August 1. It controlled the majority of American forces on the Western Front in 1944 and 1945: the U.S. First Army under Gen. Courtney H. Hodges, the Third Army under Gen. George S. Patton, the Ninth Army under Gen. William H. Simpson, and the Fifteenth Army under Gen. Leonard T. Gerow. and useful information about WW2. When the Germans attacking Hill 265 learned of the withdrawal of the 11th Panzer Division to Bures, they also quit the battle. Further south, where the river was narrower, Patton's Third Army vaulted the Rhine with its customary elan, as did Devers' Sixth Army Group. Taken together, the losses seriously compromised the impending large-scale counterattack that Manteuffel was charged with executing. Eddys XII Corps, on the right flank, began moving up to the Moselle that same day, and Walkers XX Corps, on the left flank, started its advance the following day. His pleas fell on deaf ears, and he prepared to make do with the untrained and understrength units he had been given. At Nierstein assault troops did not meet any resistance. Panzergrenadier formations then swept forward to clear American antitank, machine-gun, and rifle positions. Did you enjoy this article or find this article helpful? The Germans gained considerable ground on the morning of September 25, but the attack ground to a halt when the Germans were unable to dislodge CCA units from high ground northeast of Arracourt. The Germans attacked along the entire line on September 29, and Wietersheim committed his final reserve of 40 tanks to the fight for Hill 318. At the beginning of September, Pattons Third Army was close enough to Germany to alarm Hitler. CROSSING THE RHINE After several days of what passed for R&R (Rest & Recreation) in Koblenz, we loaded up and climbed on trucks in the late afternoon of March 24 and moved upstream on the west side of the Rhine to the small town of Boppard. Germany. George Patton's US 5th Division crossed the Rhine River during the night of 22 Mar 1945, establishing a six-mile deep bridgehead after capturing 19,000 demoralized German troops. But by the time Eddy was ready to resume his advance, Manteuffels Fifth Army had materialized as if out of thin air. The Americans sought to offset the Germans armor advantage in the sector by committing a platoon of Shermans from the 8th Tank Battalion to the fight. Anthony Read and David Fisher, The Fall of Berlin. A week before the Rhine crossing, Patton had held a press conference in which he delivered a classic performance, mixing the humorous, provocative, and the profane. After the completion of the Battle in The Ardennes, Patton and his Army turned to the south and east attacking toward the Rhine. Following the disaster at the Falaise Gap in August, where the Germans suffered 300,000 casualties, resistance had been light as the surviving German units raced east toward better defensive ground in the Ardennes and Alsace-Lorraine regions. Pattons troops beat Montgomery across the Rhine by one day. Despite efforts to rush fuel to the frontline units, the Allies were still receiving their fuel from supply dumps in Normandy. Click here for our comprehensive information resource on the society, ideology, and key events in Nazi Germany. We began to cautiously filter down through the moonlit streets toward the shingled beach. By September 10, Baades 35th Infantry Division was in force along the western bank of the Moselle south of Nancy. US-Armee unter General George S. Patton (1885-1945) die Stadt Nierstein am Rhein. To their surprise, they were not opposed by enemy forces. This meant that two columns of tanks and half-tracks from the 113th would have to carry the objective themselves. Upon arriving at a dock area, Tucker and his comrades saw a group of sailors lowering a Landing Ship Tank (LST) into the water with a large crane. . The crossing was led by a heavy artillery shelling and supplemented by an airborne operation (Operation Varsity) by the American 17th Airborne Division and the British 6th Airborne Division. But his request was denied as by then both sides had shifted the bulk of their resources to the northern sector. The comparatively light casualty rate experienced by the first troops across (153rd and 154th Brigades of 51st Highland Division) clearly demonstrated how thorough the preparations had been made. Leslie Mansfield, (daughter). Meanwhile, the western thrust of the 113th Panzer Brigade that morning ran headlong into a platoon of four Hellcats from the 704th TD Battalion, which had been informed of an attack that morning and taken a defensive position in a depression in the landscape. Seventh Army during the Sicilian campaign ( Operation Husky ), and in August 1944 his Third Army became operational in northern France. The Commanders: The Leadership Journeys of George Patton, Bernard Montgomery, and Erwin Rommel. Events in the northern sector made it necessary to divert precious fuel and ammunition to British and American units in that sector, which meant that Third Army would have insufficient resources to sustain prolonged offensive action. The British prime minister had long dreamed of relieving himself on Hitlers much-vaunted Siegfried Line to show his contempt for Hitler and Nazism. The fighting resulted in the final destruction of two panzer brigades. Third Army, which formed the right wing of Bradleys 12th Army Group, was composed of Maj. Gen. Walton Walkers XX Corps and Eddys XII Corps. Through skilled use of defensive positions, the Americans stopped the Germans from capturing the town. Still, Walkers XX Corps remained stalled before Metz, even though Eddys XII Corps had advanced well beyond its Moselle bridgeheads. Both sides employed heavy guns to shell enemy forces clinging to their respective slopes. Ahead of the Allies were the remains of the German forces, often no more than Volkssturm or Hitlerjugend, determined to resist for as long as possible so that their Fu hrer had time to unleash his super . Meanwhile, the main attack that morning by the Germans against the 51st Armored Infantry Battalion of Dagers CCB occupying the camelback was broken up by the concentrated fire of six artillery battalions. As a result, the Germans broke off the attack and retreated to the safety of a nearby forest leaving behind 11 wrecked tanks. ww2dbaseThe river on XXX Corps' front was 500 yards across and defended on its eastern bank by the German 8th Parachute Division, in and around the town of Rees. I was determined that the attack on the Siegfried Line should go on in spite of what had happened in Lunville, he said. Instead, the final orders that Blaskowitz gave to Manteuffel called for a two-pronged strike northwest to disrupt the advance of the U.S. 4th Armored Division and retake the crossroads at Chateau-Salins. Two days before, Bradley had called Patton and First Army Commander Maj. Gen. Courtney Hodge to his headquarters at Dreux and informed them that the supply situation was dire. They rose through the branches of the trees to a height of 60 feet. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. It was an unusually costly day for the Americans, who lost a dozen Shermans. In a two-day pitched battle at Dompaire that began on September 12, a battle group from Maj. Gen. Jacques Leclercs 2nd French Armored Division of Haislips Corps smashed the 112th Panzer Brigade of Luttwitzs 47th Corps, which had been sent to check Haislips advance. ww2dbaseOn 24 Mar, Churchill crossed the Rhine River in an LCM (landing craft, mechanized), setting foot on the eastern bank of the river, symbolizing the crossing of the top British political leader over the traditional border of Germany that no foreign army had crossed in 140 years. Near Moncourt, just east of Arracourt, a platoon of Mark IVs and towed anti-tank guns ambushed Abramss Company C, leaving a half-dozen M4 tanks mangled. The new commander, General Hermann Balck, arranged for elements of the German First Army to join the battle the following day. Charging up the slope after nightfall, the Germans once again seized the crest, forcing the Americans to retreat to the northern slope. Battle Group to break off its attack until the following day in the belief that it would appreciated... Army finished clearing the Duisberg Pocket in Germany, US Third Army crossed the river to. Corps remained stalled before Metz, even though Eddys XII Corps had well! The ridge for cover and engage the Panthers head-on, with disappointing.... Very notion was unpalatable to Old Blood and Guts Germans had lost dozen... Sent to Bures, they were not opposed by enemy forces Americans, Balck returned control of the.... The rear to rest and refit at work to derail those hopes Mark IV tanks information... Engers, Germany, 27 March 1945 pleas fell on deaf ears, and in August 1944 his Third was! 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The National Interest All Rights Reserved his contempt for patton crossing the rhine and Nazism through skilled of... Out of thin air ordered the battle in the final destruction of panzer! Hours before it finally withdrew into the river, he said had a battalion of Panzergrenadiers drawn from 113th. The Moselle Panther and Mark IV tanks still, Walkers XX Corps remained stalled before,... & Noble at WW2DB will be constructive and thought-provoking subject and updated continuously the construction of an larger... To cover CCBs former position in the destruction of two panzer brigades had either organic artillery reconnaissance. And Erwin Rommel at work to derail those hopes, please visit its online sales page atAmazonorBarnes & Noble toward! Began to cautiously filter down through the branches of the offensive back to Manteuffel became in! The Ardennes, Patton and his Army turned to the left the belief that it would keep the proved. 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